Background Myelodysplastic syndromes are clonal disorders of stem cells, characterized by heterogeneous clinical presentation. Hematopoiesis is ineffective, characterized by abnormal differentiation, maturation and survival of hematopoietic cells. Material and Methods The examinations were conducted in the Hematology Ward and the Internal Medicine Ward of the Specialist Hospital No. 1 in Bytom in the years 2006-2011. The study group included 53 patients with diagnosed myelodysplastic syndrome. The results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine were obtained from the medical documentation of patients. Results In the group of patients diagnosed with RT (refractory thrombocytopenia) and in the group diagnosed with RA (refractory anemia), 100% of lumbar spine images in T1- and T2- weighted sequences assessed together showed increased signal intensity. In patients diagnosed with RAEB (refractory anemia with excess blasts), MRI showed decreased signal intensity in 76.5% of subjects in the sequences analyzed together. In the group of patients with increased LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), 22 patients (55%) showed decreased signal intensity in the combined analysis of T1- and T2-weighted sequences. Among transfusion-dependent patients, 20 scans (60.6%) showed decreased signal intensity. Conclusions As the risk category of MDS increases towards high - bad risk, decreased signal intensity is observed in lumbar spine MRI in T1- and T2-weighted images in all studied stratification scales. There is a positive correlation between decreased signal intensity in lumbar spine MRI examinations and increased LDH level in blood serum, as well as dependence on blood product transfusions, especially packed red blood cells.